Dela Press Conference Series: Medical Sciences

Influence of forefoot deformities on the gait cycle

Sergey Dianov — 2022-12-05

Modern treatment of foot deformities made it possible to increase the positivity of the outcomes of their surgical treatment. Surgical correction of anatomical distortions significantly improves the supporting and motor functions of the foot. To achieve this goal are widely used in various corrective interventions on the anterior section of the foot. The abundance of methods for these operations indicates that there are no optimal standards to date. The influence of bone and articular changes to locomotion and dynamics of movements of the lower extremities remains largely unexplored. Expanding the diagnosis of dynamic changes in the gait cycle as a result of deformity of the forefoot can help optimize the choice of correction method. This will give the potential to determine the indications for a particular method of restoring the correctness of anatomical relationships. Therefore, diagnostics of the transformation of the gait cycle with deformations of the forefoot is of undoubted interest. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the biomechanical features of movement of a person with anterior foot deformity, pain syndrome caused by deformity, and to explain the influence of the deformed foot shape on the change of individual phases of the gait cycle. To find out the changes in the walking function, we used a three-dimensional video analysis method. The main group was represented by 29 patients with anterior deformity of feet. The research was organized in 2018-2020. The average age was 51.3±16.5 years (from 20 to 80 years female patients were 29 (96.7%)). The control group consisted of 22 healthy women without foot deformities, with an average age of 45.4±15.5 years. The tool base of the research was the Vicon motion capture system (digital infrared cameras Vicon T40-10 PCs., video cameras Vicon bonita 720-2 PCs., dynamometer platform AMTI – 2 PCs., software Vicon Nexus, Vicon Polygon). The study used a full Body Plugin Gate (URM-FRM) skeletal model consisting of 39 reflective markers arranged in a certain order on the human body. The analysis of kinematic data revealed that all 29 studied patients had violations of biomechanics of movements in the joints of the lower extremities. There was an increase in the time of double support by 22.2% from 0.21±0.057 s for the control group to 0.27±0.064 s for the main group. Video analysis allowed us to combine the data obtained using computer graphical visualization of movements with the indicators of the support reaction force and the speed of movement of the lower extremities in patients with foot deformities, as well as to reveal the internal architecture of the gait cycle.

Histochemical changes of the lung tissue in experimental chronic alcoholic intoxication

Alexey Lazko — 2022-12-05

Among organ systems in the human body affected by alcohol abuse, the lungs are particularly vulnerable to infections and injury. Chronic alcoholism causes alterations in host defence of the upper and lower airways, disruption of alveolar epithelial barrier integrity, alcohol-induced ciliary lesions and alveolar macrophages dysfunction. Currently with a spread of SARS-COV 2 infections which instantly destroys the lung tissue, the alcohol-induced lung damage issues acquire vital importance, as they might further increase severity of lesions of lung tissue in the infected alcohol abusers.Recent investigations suggest that the effect of the chronic excessive alcohol consumption and SARS-COV 2 infection on the lungs might have similar and thus synergizing mechanisms. Therefore the mechanism of the lung tissue lesions in chronic alcohol intoxication need to be scrutinized, including the time-line of their development, to be able to develop more effective preventive measures. The objective of the study is to assess histochemical changes in the lung tissue of laboratory animals with chronic alcohol intoxication of different duration. Total of 48 outbred male white mice weighing 18-22 g were enrolled in the study. The experimental animals were exposed to alcohol for 1, 2 and 3 months by the semi-voluntary intake, using 20% alcohol as the only source of fluid, while control animals were getting drinking water. At the end of experiment the lung tissue of the mice was processed histologically and histochemically for alcoholic dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phasphate-dehydrogenae (G6PDH), alkaline (ALP) and acidic (AP) phosphatases, nonspecific esterase (NE) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Image analysis of the histological slides was performed using Image Pro Plus software. Statistical differences were assessed using paired t-test. Chronic alcohol consumption causes metabolic lesions in the alveolar epithelium and endothelium of alveolar capillaries revealed by an increase in the activity of ADH, G6PD and NE paralleled with a decrease in the total SDH activity of the respiratory portion of the lungs in a time-related pattern. High activity of alkaline phosphatase was noted in endothelial cells of lung capillaries. Thus, under conditions of chronic intoxication, ethanol disturbs cell metabolism, as evidenced by the changes of the enzymatic activity in the lung tissue which leads to inhibition of oxygen-dependent metabolic processes and activation of reserve mechanisms for compensating of energy deficits.

Prospects of naked licorice cultivation in the caspian region for the creation of foam licorice baths (based on the drug glytsrfit)

Liudmila Sukhenko — 2022-12-05

The prospects of cultivation of naked licorice in the territory of the Caspian region and the possibility of using extractive saponin-containing foaming components of licorice root to create foam licorice baths with foam content stability were studied. The latitude, longitude, and height of licorice root collection sites with row furrows are presented only in rows. A new approach to preserving the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance in a licorice bath is proposed by embedding colloidal surfactants into the micelles of licorice root saponins, which increases the stability of licorice foam in the bath. The data of the critical concentration of micelle formation are presented. The possibility of restoring the stocks of licorice naked during its cultivation and harvesting by the row method is shown, and methods for preserving the solubilizing ability of foam licorice baths under conditions of preserving licorice foam micelles in the presence of some surfactants are disclosed.

Conceptual foundations for forming students’ communicative competence through the use of multimedia technologies in the process of studying English

Sonaim I. Kochkonbaeva — 2022-12-05

In terms of international integration processes in the system of higher education of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and an increase in the proportion of foreign students, the issue of development of the communicative competence of future specialists becomes crucially acute. An analysis of foreign practice shows that the developed foreign concepts of teaching the “English language” academic discipline are being implemented with great difficulties. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the attempt made by the authors to answer the research question posed in the article related to the substantiation of the conceptual foundations for the formation of communicative competence in the course of studying the “English language” academic discipline using multimedia technologies. The assessment of the reliability of the presented results is based on an integrative approach, on the methods of analysis and synthesis
of scientific literature. A comparative analysis of foreign experience in the formation of students’ communicative competence shows that the problem under study has not been sufficiently developed. The components of communicative competence are substantiated. The existing foreign concepts of the formation of communicative competence are analyzed. The analysis of domestic and foreign studies made it possible to establish that most of the scientific provisions put forward in the concept, characterizing the features of the formation of communicative competence using multimedia technologies, have been confirmed in other studies and do not contradict them. The results of the study are important for the theory and methodology of teaching English in higher education.

Pollinosis in the conditions of climate changes

Kymbatkul B. Osmonbaeva — 2022-12-05

The aim of the study was to study the content of plant pollen and fungal spores in the air of Karakol of the Kyrgyz Republic and assessment of their contribution to the development of pollinosis in the conditions of climate changes. The article is devoted to the current problem of the impact of climate change on aerobiological particles – plant pollen and fungal spores. There is a worldwide trend for rising temperatures. The number of people suffering from allergies – pollinosis – is steadily increasing. Concentration of pollen of allergenic species may increase, the timing and duration of the dusting season may change. Moreover, in recent years, there is a sharp increase in pollen allergy morbidity observed in the country. Data from Karakol city for 2015-2017 showed that pollen of 34 plant taxa and 24 taxa of fungal spores were present in the air. The pollen of leading aeroallergens was contained in the air of Karakol in significant amounts and for a significant period. The novelty of the study was that for the first time in Kyrgyzstan, aerobiological studies were carried out with a volumetric method using volumetric certified Lanzoni apparatus. The idea that there is a need for programs, continuous aeropalynological studies that will predict the number, taxonomic composition and behavior of aeroallergens is substantiated. This has important public health implications, as it will allow an assessment of the allergenic environment, allowing people with allergies to avoid or reduce the severity of the course of the disease.

Comparative evaluation of simultaneous and isolated laparoscopic surgery for cholelithiasis

Saparbek S. Toktorov — 2022-12-05

Research aim in this article is to investigate comparative evaluation between simultaneous and isolated laparoscopic surgery of patients with cholelithiasis. Operation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy considered as a standard method of treatment with the main advantage of quick recovery. The technique is safe and frequency of conversions to open
surgery is minimal. Comparative evaluation results showed that simultaneous laparoscopic surgery in choleithiasis have advantages as removal of the gallbladder and at the same time additional removal of other organs pathologies in abdominal cavity or small pelvis or retroperitoneal space with cholestycytectomy. In addition, simultaneous laparoscopic surgery is economically beneficial for patients, it is not necessary for patients to test again and duration of patients’ temporary disability can be reduced. At the same time more than two organs can be operated with reduction of the postoperative stay days of patients in the hospital.

The role of clinical and psychological research in epilepsy

Natalia G. Tokareva — 2022-12-05

This paper addresses the issue of interaction between psychological and clinical factors, their role and importance in integrated clinico-psychological study aimed at improving the life quality among patients with epilepsy. The paper’s objective is to look into the clinical and psychological components in the approach to epilepsy. The study surveyed 317 patients aged between 18 to 65 years old, with focal epilepsy. Verification of patients’ diagnosis was based on the findings of clinico-neurological, psychopathological, pathopsychological, electroencephalographic examinations and brain computer-assisted tomography (CAT). The authors also employed the psychodiagnostic technique "Personal profile of the crisis." The comprehensive clinico-psychological survey of patients with epilepsy allowed the authors to
substantiate the selection of 3 groups of mental changes. Clinico-psychopathologically, in group I (38% of patients), cerebrasthenic disorders combined with psychopathic and cognitive impairments are dominant. Clinico-psychopathologically, in group II (35% of patients) the mental changes are dominated by cerebrasthenic disorders, a slight decrease in mnestic-intellectual functions, changes in behavior and activities. Clinico-psychopathologically, in group III the mental changes (27% of patients) corresponded mainly to secondary impairments of the neurotic level. The studied parameters reflected the adaptedness of the patient's personality, which manifests itself as reconstruction of personality’s functional structures and systems affected by the disease.

Correlation of emotional disorders as manifestations of geriatric syndrome

Elena V. Khlystova — 2022-12-05

The article presents generalized data on the relationship between the types of old-age adaptation and emotional disorders as manifestations of the geriatric syndrome. The manifestations of aggression and depression are also considered. The purpose of the study is to identify a correlation between emotional disorders and types of adaptation to old age. The study involved 50 subjects without mental disorders aged between 60 to 80. Analysis of the data obtained showed that there is a correlation between the types of old-age adaptation and emotional manifestations in older people which can be considered as an important factor in the subjective feeling of an old person’s well-being. Also, aggressive and depressive manifestations are interconnected with destructive styles of social functioning. There is a statistically significant correlation between emotional disturbances and types of old-age adaptation.

Assessment of the state of infection control in medical and preventive organizations in Osh region

Aizharkyn A. Akzholtoeva — 2022-12-05

This article presents the results on the state of infection control in medical and preventive organizations in the Osh region. Report on the incidence of infections associated with medical care and infections in the field of surgical interventions of 2021 years. The research was conducted in 8 medical and preventive organizations in the districts of Osh region and in the city of Osh using the "Scorecard of infection control in healthcare organizations" including 64 criteria (sanitary and hygienic requirements, safety of medical procedures, compliance with disinfection, sterilization of surgical instruments and materials, administrative measures etc.), for the prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care and infection in the field of surgical interventions. The assessment of the state of infection control was carried out by calculating the numerical expression of the percentage between the existing fulfillment of infection control requirements according to the data on the registration of the incidence. During the assessment, the main sanitary and hygienic directions for the prevention of diseases of infections associated with the provision of medical care and infections in the field of surgical interventions were identified.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cutaneous anthrax in the south of Kyrgyzstan

Nazgul M. Mamatkulova — 2022-12-05

The article presents the results of a clinical analysis of the registered incidence of anthrax in the South of Kyrgyzstan. A pronounced tendency towards an increase in the incidence of anthrax with a wide distribution in disadvantaged stationary points of anthrax foci is shown. Despite the ongoing anti-epidemic and preventive measures, cases of the disease are registered annually among the population, mainly in the endemic territories of the republic. Anthrax in Kyrgyzstan among animals has been officially registered since ancient times, people are often involved in the epizootic cycle, among which the epidemic process is manifested by sporadic morbidity or a group outbreak of infection. The Kyrgyz Republic belongs to a permanently unfavorable region in terms of anthrax. At the same time, in the conditions of the south of Kyrgyzstan, as a result of natural disasters, many anthrax foci were washed away by mudflows, destroyed, lost, some of them remained on the territory of private property. Despite significant achievements in the study of the etiology, epidemiology, clinic, immunology, and prevention of anthrax, many theoretical and practical aspects of this set of tasks remain insufficiently studied, especially at the regional level. Significant changes in the living conditions of people, forms of management, uncontrolled slaughter of animals, imperfection in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this disease determine the relevance of studying anthrax in humans in modern conditions.

Detailed kinematic evaluation of shoulder motion during normal gait in healthy young males

Olga Vorontcova — 2022-12-05

Complex kinematic analysis of human motion has become achievable through new technological developments. Several new studies have already taken advantage of the new kinematic approach for documentation and analysis of pathological motion, including palsy, paralyses, Parkinson’s disease and others. However, physiological motion of gait and corresponding upper limb motion has seldom been studied. The aim of this study was to collect and analyse data of shoulder motion of 45 healthy young males during the gait cycle. Detailed dynamic kinematic measurements revealed that the arm remained constantly in an internal rotation position with changing and adapting angle along the gait cycle with maximal internal rotation at mid-stance and at mid-swing, and minimal internal rotation in the beginning and at the end of the cycle, as well as at mid-cycle. At the same time, the arm remained constantly in an adduction position, with maximal adduction by mid-cycle and minimal adduction in the beginning and at the end of the cycle. In parallel, the arm reached maximal extension around the beginning and the end of the cycle, with maximal flexion just before mid-cycle. During the gait cycle, there was regular and repetitive movements of the shoulder joint and the arm with constant range of movements, i.e. for the shoulder: 24.6°±3.4° for the flexion-extension movement, 6.44°±0.2° for the adduction-abduction movement and 4.57°±0.1° for the rotational movement. These data provide a first valuable base of the normal, physiological role of the arm for a stable and balanced gait in young adult males. From there, pathologies of the arm and shoulder may be dissected and their influence on the gait cycle investigated in the future. In addition, these data may also be used for the design and control of robotic arm prosthesis.

Techniques of establishing efficient doctor-patient interaction at telemedicine consultations

Alexander Penkov — 2022-12-05

This article covers a comprehensive study into preparations for and the conduct of telemedicine consultations that would provide for arranging and conducting high-quality remote sessions between a doctor and a patient. The purpose of our study is to detect the factors that have a positive impact on the healthcare services provision level, and to establish a procedure of conducting telemedicine consultations that would allow a clinic to provide medical health quickly, safely and with proper quality and to improve its customer focus. The work is novel in that such studies aimed at defining a telemedicine consultation algorithm have not been carried out in Russia before, therefore, the Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine of the Institute of Medicine at the RUDN University decided that it was necessary to hammer out a methodology of medical services provision. As part of the study, we viewed and analyzed pre-recorded telemedicine consultations and put together an expert team consisting of experts in various areas of medicine, as well as of patients. As a result of that work, this article lists and defines common mistakes that lead to conflicts and erode patients’ trust in a clinic, catalogues stages of preparation for a telemedicine consultation making it possible to reduce the number of errors in remote consulting and devises obligatory techniques of remote medical aid.

COVID-19 pandemic impacting tuberculosis clinical forms prevalence in Extreme North

Svetlana P. Zorina — 2022-12-05

We analyzed epidemiologic situation for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and distribution by clinical forms in newly diagnosed adult cases, among the population of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), during restrictive measures against COVID-19 pandemic. Arctic zone of Yakutia was chosen as a specific region of interest, to show epidemiologic situation for TB in a territory with low population density and limited transport accessibility. Two periods were analyzed: 2 pre-pandemic years versus 2 pandemic years. Stringent infection control measures were followed by substantial decrease in epidemiologic rates for TB, but at the same time had profoundly aggravating effect on timeliness of TB detection. During pandemic, we observed significantly reduced population coverage with preventive screening for TB, and
growth in number of individuals with 2-year or larger gap in undergoing screening for TB. The study showed statistically meaningful escalation in the proportion of new adult cases with advanced forms of TB, and clear statistical correlation between weakened TB detection activities and prevalence of clinical forms of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB.

Cognitive impairments in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia

Olga I. Ignatieva — 2022-12-05

Cognitive impairments, such as memory and intelligence, attention and mental performance, usually suffer in diffuse brain damage, in particular in chronic cerebral ischemia. However, they can also occur in focal brain lesions, such as cerebral infarcts, reaching the degree of dementia. The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of non-dementia cognitive disorders in patients with the consequences of cerebral infarction. We examined 30 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia with cerebral infarction at the age of 58-66 years (M=62.4) and a similar comparison group was chosen. The main results of the cognitive status assessment in patients with CHEM with suffered cerebral infarction showed a decrease in short-term visual and figurative memory, more so in men and with increasing age. There were also decreased productivity of attention, decreased level of abstract thinking, and weakened connection between logical thinking and attention, more pronounced in men and in the older age group. With a disease duration of more than 3 years, the volume of figurative memory and the abstract component of thinking decreased. The main conclusions are: cognitive disorders developing against the background of CIM worsen to a greater extent in men, in persons older than 60 years and in 3 years from the moment of cerebral infarction; short-term medication therapy has no significant effect on cognitive dysfunction, the significance of these results determines the need for long-term, at least 6 months, rehabilitative medication therapy.

Osteopathic treatment effectiveness evaluation of astheno-neurotic syndrome in post-COVID patients

Irina A. Egorova — 2022-12-05

The article highlights the materials from the research of the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of patients with astheno-neurotic syndrome with post-COVID syndrome. The study involved 40 patients of both sexes aged between 35 and 65. Patients with chronic lung diseases, severe heart failure, and anemic syndrome were excluded. The osteopathic status, level of asthenia, level of life quality, status of the autonomic nervous system were assessed. The main group received osteopathic treatment, whereas the comparison group was observed without conducting treatment. It was determined that against osteopathic treatment in patients of the main group, there was an improvement in the craniosacral mechanism parameters, a lower degree of incidence of major complaints; a normalized vegetative status; reduced signs of astheno-neurotic syndrome, and an improved life quality. The effectiveness of the therapeutic measures allows recommending the inclusion of osteopathic treatment in rehabilitation treatment of patients with post-COVID syndrome.

Biomarkers of clinical course in covid-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidity

Yegor Y. Rumyantsev — 2022-12-05

A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) tends to have severe course in patients with cardiovascular disease, with routine laboratory tests predicting adverse outcomes in such patients. The results of studies of interplaying factors are contradictory and require further investigation. The aim was to analyze the parameters of general blood analysis, inflammatory response, cholesterol and hemostasis in the groups of patients who underwent COVID-19-associated pneumonia with cardiovascular comorbidity. The study was conducted in Veliky Novgorod from December 2020 to April 2022 during inpatient treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19-associated novel coronavirus infection. We analyzed 108 case histories of patients. The patient’s data was divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 86 patients with cardiovascular diseases at the time of admission. The control group consisted of 22 patients without concomitant cardiovascular diseases. The data of general blood analysis, biochemistry and hemostasis were assessed on the day of admission and on the day of discharge. Results. Average bed-days of patients with cardiovascular pathology were longer than in the control group; in addition, there was a correlation of the duration of hospitalization and CRP level with the initial level of total cholesterol. Also, positive correlation of CRP level with blood fibrinogen content was found, which was more expressed in patients with cardiovascular comorbidity. Conclusions. The results of our study, in general, do not contradict the results accumulated in the world. Those findings should be compared with other studies
and to monitor COVID-19 disease trends.

Evidence-based analysis of the situation with tuberculosis in Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan

Svetlana Ts. Manzhikova — 2022-12-05

The target of this work is to implement an evidence-based approach in a comparative analyzing of the current tuberculosis situation in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Such analysis is of particular interest for assessing the so-called “country” contribution to the implementation of strategies to stop tuberculosis, proclaimed by the World Health Organization. Two-factor linear regression models are presented for both countries. Models take into account how state budget expenditures on health care and the level of poverty impact onto the tuberculosis incidence. The latter circumstance is due to the significant difference between the National Statistical Services in considered countries, as well as the lack of initial data and their heterogeneity. The estimated quality characteristics of the models show them to use in prediction values of the tuberculosis incidence until 2024-2025. The modeling results show that if the established trend of strengthening of the state role continues, then we can talk about the successful implementation of the WHO strategy to decrease and stop tuberculosis in the Kyrgyz Republic and the desired annual reduction in incidence to 10% by 2025. For Pakistan, the same parameter will be no more than 1.5%. The novelty of the presented work lies in the very formulation of the problem of monitoring the current outcomes of the implementation of WHO recommendations in different countries and the methodological development of appropriate situational tasks for learning and teaching medical students the methods of evidence-based medicine/health care.

Differentiation of the training load of football players of the training group at the stage of sports improvement

Said-Magomed Murvanovich Dzhulagov — 2022-12-05

Differentiation of the training load of football players of the training group at the stage of sports improvement through the integration of special tactical training into the training process. Research objectives: to study the scientific and methodological literature on this topic, develop an experimental additional general educational developmental program "Football", experimentally test this program in practice and test its effectiveness. The following research methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. It is assumed that the differentiation of the training load of football players through the integration of special tactical training into the training process will improve the efficiency of the training process and game results. The research program was carried out in three stages. The purpose of the first stage was to substantiate and develop an experimental training program for football players. The second stage involved a comparative pedagogical experiment. At the third stage, tests were carried out, static processing of the obtained data, their interpretation and presentation, as well as analysis of the research results were performed.

Developing methods for solving typical professional tasks for students of medical and biological majors based on integration of natural science subjects

Galina Stefanova — 2022-12-05

A higher school course in physics determines three main areas of training students of medical and biological majors. Professional tasks for biologists and doctors solved on the basis of physical and chemical knowledge are established, methods for their solving are developed. Examples of typical professional tasks and an algorithm of the method for their solving are given.

Biomechanical of knee joint during gait cycle

Larisa Udochkina — 2022-12-05

The purpose of this work is to study the angular displacement and kinematics of the knee joint during walking. and spatio-temporal gait characteristics using motion capture data analysis, based on the observation of a group of healthy young adults. The angles of knee joint were registered for 29 young men at age 18-35. Was used Vicon motion capture system consisting of 10 cameras T40, AMTI platforms and Vicon Polygon and Vicon Nexus software.
Results. The amplitude of knee joint flexion was 54.2±0.9°; knee axis rotation - 8.9±0.9°; lateral knee displacement - 11.9±0.9°. A relationship was found between flexion and extension of the knee joint and rotation of the hip joint. The relevant time-spatial gait parameters in the stance and swing phase, movement amplitude of the knee should be taken into account when choosing the best treatment. The data obtained in this study can be used as a normative basis for research in the early diagnosis of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.